Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis or senile keratosis, is a skin condition characterized by rough, scaly, or crusty patches on the skin. These patches are caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or from tanning beds. Actinic keratosis is considered a precancerous condition because it can develop into skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. There are different types of actinic keratosis based on their appearance and characteristics. These include:
- Hypertrophic Actinic Keratosis: These are thick, raised, and scaly lesions that may resemble a horn or callus. They can be more noticeable and may have a thicker texture compared to other AKs.
- Atrophic Actinic Keratosis: Atrophic AKs are thin and flat, often resembling a small, red scaly patch on the skin. They may have a more delicate, tissue-like appearance.
- Pigmented Actinic Keratosis: This type of AK has additional pigmentation, which can make it appear brown, tan, or gray. Pigmented AKs can be easily mistaken for other skin conditions or moles.
- Lichenoid Actinic Keratosis: Lichenoid AKs have a flat, scaly appearance with fine, white lines on the surface. They can sometimes resemble lichen planus, another skin condition.
- Cutaneous Horn (Cornu Cutaneum): Although not technically a type of AK, cutaneous horns can develop on top of actinic keratosis. These are keratinous growths that look like a horn and can be an indicator of a more advanced AK.
It’s important to note that actinic keratosis should be evaluated and treated by a dermatologist because it can potentially progress to skin cancer. Your dermatologist can recommend appropriate treatments to manage actinic keratosis based on its type, location, and severity. Common treatments include cryotherapy (freezing), topical creams, photodynamic therapy, or minor surgical procedures. Prevention and sun protection are also crucial to reducing the risk of developing actinic keratosis and other sun-related skin conditions.
